The concept behind the style, according to the producer, is to "trigger the calf muscles to support 100% of the body weight. The manufacturer also makes the incorrect and unsupported claim that "the Strength Shoe has actually been medically documented to be the most reliable way to increase vertical jump and speed".
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A research study of the results of training with the shoe has actually been reported just recently (Porcari et al., 1996). I sum up that research study here, and offer briefly with an earlier study.
In the recent research study, 72 college-age men not formerly associated with athletics or fitness training were randomly appointed to 3 groups of 24: a control group who did no training, a control group who trained in routine shoes, and a group who trained in Strength Shoes. The training groups trained three times a week for 10 weeks. They followed identical programs prescribed by the manufacturer. All topics were pre- and post-tested for 40-yard sprint, vertical jump, standing broad jump, and right and left calf girth.
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There were two dropouts in the no-training group, 8 in the regular-shoe group, and 10 in the Strength-Shoe group. Seven of the Strength-Shoe dropouts and among the regular-shoe dropouts were due to injury that could be attributed to the training.
Both training groups revealed a tendency to improve their sprinting and leaping by 0.5-1.6%. The Strength-Shoe group tended to do better than the regular-shoe group in the sprint and vertical jump, while the pattern was reversed for the broad jump.
In their advertising literature, Strength Footwear Inc. claim that approximately 0.2 seconds can be removed the 40-yard time (about 4%), nine inches can be added to the vertical jump (about 40%), and calf girth can be increased by 2 inches (about 15%). These claims were plainly not supported in this research study. In fact, any minor gain that might be possible with Strength Shoes would appear to be more than balanced out by the greater danger of injury.
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One of the issues with this research study is that the topics were not trained professional athletes. It's possible that athletes with well-conditioned muscles and joints would not get hurt with Strength Shoes.
Another issue is that the training program may not have been ideal. It's possible that some preparative weight training need to have been included in the program. Another possibility is that the intensity was expensive for untrained people (ballistic shock is not well endured by untrained muscles or connective tissue), and that the volume was too low. A much better balance of intensity and volume might have increased the gains in both training groups and increased the gains in the Strength-Shoe group relative to the regular-shoe group.
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A final problem is that the research study did not have enough power to discover the small gains that are necessary to professional athletes. The differences between the groups in a few of the tests was around 1%-- frequently a winning margin-- yet these were not statistically considerable. (In fairness to the authors, there were more topics in their research study than is usual in studies of performance enhancement.).
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There is only one other peer-reviewed report of the effects of training in Strength Shoes. Cook et al. (1993) randomized 12 intercollegiate track and field individuals to a Strength-Shoe group and a normal-shoe group. After 8 weeks of a training program supplied by the producer, the normal-shoe group showed a propensity to enhance more than the Strength-Shoe group on all efficiency measures: 40-yard dash (8.3% vs 6.9%), vertical jump (9.2% vs 3.3%), strength (torque) at slow speed (16% vs 10%), and strength at fast speed (13% vs -5%). Just calf area tended to get bigger in the Strength-Shoe group (2.3% vs 0.2% in the normal group). Two of the six athletes in the Strength-Shoe group experienced anterior tibial discomfort, and one of them had to leave of the study because of the discomfort. None of the normal-shoe group complained of pain or dropped out.